The changing strategies of environmental non-governmental organizations in the UK in the 1990s

Tim S. Gray

Ella Ritchie

pp. 145-159

in: Chris Pierson, Simon Tormey (eds), Politics at the edge, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000

Abstract

The 1990s have been characterized by some observers as a period in which UK environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) have undergone a fundamental change in strategy. For example Jonathan Porritt claimed that the "chiefs' at Friends of the Earth (FoE) were "going through the greatest shake-up in their history" (quoted in Lamb, 1996, p. 186). In 1993 Chris Rose, then Greenpeace campaigns director, argued that "a 'sea change" is now going on within "the environmental movement"" (Rose, 1993, p. 285). A similar change in US ENGO strategy has been described by Lusting and Brunner (1996, p. 136) as "the "Third Wave" of the US environmental movement".