The assessment and management of wildlife areas
pp. 73-77
in: Frank A. Stowell, Ray Ison, Rosalind Armson, Jacky Holloway, Sue Jackson (eds), Systems for sustainability, Berlin, Springer, 1997Abstract
‘Biology is an ‘unrestricted’ science...and its phenomena are of a complexity which has severely tested scientific method. Biologists, in fact, have been among the pioneers in establishing ways of thinking in terms of wholes, and it was a biologist, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, who suggested generalising this thinking to refer to any kind of whole, not simply to biological systems.’ (Checkland, 1981).
