Socialization in childhood and adolescence

Lara Perez-Felkner

pp. 119-149

in: Amanda Ward (ed), Handbook of social psychology, Berlin, Springer, 2013

Abstract

This chapter examines the development and operation of socialization in the lives of children and adolescents, with a focus on the mechanisms and consequences of socialization. Consideration is given to theoretical perspectives on (a) how children and adolescents learn social roles, (b) the role of agency in social development, (c) the social contexts in which socialization occurs, (d) socialization over the life course, and (e) how socio-historical change influences the socialization process. Methods of research inquiry relevant to studies of young people are reviewed, including experimental design, survey methods, observational and ethnographic research, interviewing, and mixed methods research. Importantly, the social contexts of socialization are examined including families; peer and social networks; schools and work; communities and neighborhoods; and social and cultural forces. Particular attention is paid to the influence of socialization on later experiences, including identity, behavioral, and educational outcomes. Emerging and suggested directions for future research are discussed.