On Lorentz's methodology

pp. 219-235

in: Arthur I. Miller, Frontiers of physics: 1900–1911, Basel, Birkhäuser, 1986

Abstract

Elie Zahar, in his recent paper [1973], presents an attempt to use Lakatos's methodology of "research programmes' to analyse the work of Einstein and Lorentz. An attempt to interpret or to explain episodes in the history of science within some larger context using an imaginative conceptual framework can result in exciting and provocative studies. However, a necessary prerequisite to this type of study is the presentation of relevant scientific literature within its proper historical context, and to take account of its internal structure. This Zahar has not done, with the result that his study becomes at best misleading, and his criticisms of the researches of others becomes empty. One reason may be that Zahar's application of the methodology of research programmes seems intended to follow the form proposed by Lakatos in his [1970]. However, Zahar takes account only of Lakatos's first rule of procedure for the use of historical case studies¹—"(1) one gives a rational reconstruction [according to the methodology of research programmes]"—but not of the second one—"(2) one tries to compare this rational reconstruction with actual history and to criticize one's rational reconstruction for lack of historicity. . . ."